Equirectangular vs mercator ) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Azimuthal: Cylindric: Property: Equidistant: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks — Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: Gott-Mugnolo Azimuthal (equat. ) But not all of it – the bounds of Pseudo-Mercator are limited to approximately 85. Fifty-nine variations on this projection are used to minimize distortion in the other 59 UTM zones. Mercator Projection h360° v140° Mercator Projection is a conformal projection. Equirectangular (cylindric) projection, if two standard parallels are symmetrically placed north and south of the equator. This thread is archived New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast I can't remember if I learned about Mercator projection in school, but map projections (projeção cartográfica) are part of the 3rd circle program for Geography. Shape and area are correct along the standard parallel but are increasingly Mercator projection is an example of cylindrical projection which became a standard map projection because of its ability to represent lines of steady course. Aitoff in 1889. Cut off at 84° North and Nearly all web maps use the Mercator projection, which maintains angles and shapes and works well for high zoom levels. In fact if I crop the image properly, then I get the following result: The next and final step I would say would be to find a better solution to the unpopulated pixels. Look around by dragging the direction of view with the mouse with left mouse button pressed. i. It applies standard Mercator (Spherical) formulas (method code 1026) to ellipsoidal coordinates and the sphere radius is taken to be the semi-major axis of the ellipsoid. v360 : filter name Mercator; Creator: J. The 360-degree video is originally represented as a sphere and able to provides omnidirectional view. imgur. 22. The option --invert does equirectangular to mercator. It is one of the simplest cylindrical projections and therefore The waves crash against the shore, and you can almost taste the salty spray in the air. Mercator. geo. Robinson (1963) Group: Cylindric: Pseudocylindric: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South: Not based upon mathematical formulas but tabular coordinates providing positions of the meridians and parallels in order to produce a G. Web Mercator is a common projected coordinate system designed for web mapping applications. Other considerations for map projection choice. This tile use a "web mercator" projection (alias google map projection), which now has an EPSG code: EPSG:3857 (alias EPSG:900913). The projection is named after James Gall and Arno Peters. 97989806962013 5009377. In conclusion, equirectangular projection mapping is a foundational aspect of immersive content creation, serving as the bridge between spherical capture and flat display. Map of Europe using globe vs equirectangular projection. On the other hand, the Azimuthal Equidistant projection shows distances in the The Mercator projection shows courses of constant bearing as straight lines. Continental or political outlines and/or location symbols can also can be drawn overlaying the projected map image. This is because Mercator’s balancing act in flattening the globe involved, in The flattening is the difference in length between the two axes expressed as a fraction or a decimal. Also known as equirectangular, equidistant cylindrical, simple cylindrical, or rectangular, this projection is very simple to construct because it forms a grid of equal rectangles. 1 Mercator projection of the world we have the Equirectangular projection with constant spacing between the latitudes and meridians. One of the oldest Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site Equirectangular. In every case, distortion is no greater than 1 part in 1,000. blog-post-hero-full-bg { background-position: top; } . Depending on the extent and the distortion property of the map, the application returns a list of appropriate map projections with additional projection parameters if necessary. Voxland, Cassini projection of the world Cassini projection with 1,000 km indicatrices Cassini projection of the world modeled as a highly oblate ellipsoid with flattening 1:2 (= eccentricity √ 3 ⁄ 2). Comparison: Tissot Indicatrix, 30° – scaled to same width The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection, geographic projection, or carte parallelogrammatique projection or CPP) is a very simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about 100 AD. Voxland, Introducing mercator projection Article by Norbert Pachner (mathematics) and Wolfgang Stich (sample pictures). Leaflet's help states: EPSG3857 The most common CRS for online maps, used by almost all free and commercial tile providers. patreon. e. Equirectangular projection is a very simple projection where all the meridians and parallels are equally spaced straight lines THREE. Web Mercator for Large Scale Topographic Maps. I simply convert the coordinates using gdaltransform: gdaltransform -s_srs EPSG:4326 -t_srs EPSG:3857 0 66. Both maps are rectangular projections that are poor representations of a spherical planet. mercator() The spherical Mercator projection is commonly used by tiled mapping libraries (such as After some processing steps are applied to the Mercator and perspective projections, the standard detectors are applied and the detected features are mapped back to the equirectangular image Mercator Natural Earth; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Tom Patterson (2011) Group: Cylindric: Pseudocylindric: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South: Not to be confused with the Natural Earth II World Environment Map (also by Tom Patterson), which is used in nearly all projection images You've got a good grasp of it. Peters controversy is, therefore, a moot point. Max(new float[3] { Mathf. Does anyone know how I can convert it to mercator projection? I need its conformal properties for navigational purposes, and ive been searching all around google on how to convert a map to mercator but so far nothing helpful comes up. Gall Isographic Silhouette Map Tobias Jung Equirectangular (0°) Silhouette Map Tobias Jung. Mercator projection - preserves angles and shapes of small objects, but inflates areas away from the equator. In the post-war years, these concepts were extended into the The SPi-V for Flickr viewer uses the spherical projection that is required for equirectangular images, though it would use cubic projection if you uploaded a cubic image to Flickr. Code Issues Pull requests Choropleth map of World populations (w/ 43 projections) nodejs gis d3js My Projection Collection: Compare Projections Aitoff vs. This simple cylindrical . 0). Thus, the angles between paths on the map are the same as angles between paths on the earth. Equirectangular projection is widely applied to convert the 360-degree video from the 3D sphere to a 2D plane for the purposes of Identical with Mercator projection from the equator up to 45° North/South. Gall Isographic Equirectangular (0°) Click on projection’s name to hide it Grey areas: Superimposition of projections . 8 times the actual latitude, thus avoiding the singular poles; the result was then divided by 0. python converter glsl projection mercator moderngl equirectangular Updated Oct 11, 2024; Mercator; Creator: J. which is actually not the Pannini projection but a very similar compressed cylindrical projection, and 'equirectangular panini', which is the standard Pannini, or stereographic cylindrical, projection. 8. It was developed for Oolite, but should work anywhere you need planet textures or cube maps. com/roelvandepaarWith thanks & prais The flattening is the difference in length between the two axes expressed as a fraction or a decimal. ) Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I Orthographic projection (equatorial aspect) of eastern hemisphere 30W–150E The orthographic projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation. Uses Spherical Mercator projection. 1: Below is my end output for India, mixing Mercator data and pseudo-Mercator frame obtains via h'=h*k, with k= sec(α): Please note the left and right margin. The Mercator versions are intended for showing them 'flat' or for printing, so it matters to make them as attractive as possible. Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Mercator projection. Learn more about the Mercator projection. Build Instructions: Transform is implemented as an ffmpeg video filter. Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: Mercator: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I: This pairing is among the The worlds most famous equirectangular projection – the world map. [1] Hi, I have a map in mercator projection and would like to texture a sphere with it. Mercator Silhouette Map Tobias Jung Patterson Cylindrical Silhouette Map Tobias Jung. 2) minimizes distortion within UTM zone 30. The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified Mercator projection, proposed by Osborn Maitland Miller in 1942. Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: Mercator: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I: This pairing is among the list of recommended pairings – but why? Baker Dinomic is identical to Mercator between 45° North and 45 Mercator vs. The learning resource is use-case driven, AFrame Example Durlach is the first use-case of equirectangular projection. My Projection Collection: Compare Projections Kavraiskiy VII vs. Following is a list of the map projections that may be viewed and saved by G. The The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection, developed by the U. The various cylindrical projections can be described in Navigational maps are usually Mercator, true direction, and/or equidistant. P. But if you don't associate a projection to this geographic coordinate system, and naively render the coordinates as x/y coordinates on a grid, you do get something that is sort of a projection: the pseudo plate carée (equirectangular) projection. These are Equirectangular | General_Vertical_Near-sided_Perspective | Gnomonic | Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area | Lambert_Conformal_Conic | (UTM)-- a grid system based on the transverse mercator projection, applied between latitudes 84 degrees north and 80 degrees south on the Earth's surface. I took the some of the shader code from @Pluto's answer and merged it GIS: Re-project raster image from Mercator to EquirectangularHelpful? Please support me on Patreon: https://www. I've seen various ways of doing this and a few questions on stack overflow-I've tried out the different code snippets and although I get the correct longitude to pixel, the latitude is always off-seems to be getting more reasonable though. 0 . Mercator distorts the size of geographical objects because its But on an Equirectangular projection, both of those trips looks like they’re the same length, because this is a projection that does not preserve distance. Army, is widely used in topographic maps. Albers (1805) Johann Heinrich Lambert (1772) Group: Conic: Conic: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names Mercator Winkel Tripel; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Oswald Winkel (1921) Group: Cylindric: Lenticular: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — Winkel Tripel φ 0 = 50°28´ NGS Winkel; Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South — recommended comparisons: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I: Ciric I The infamous Mercator projection was originally created by Gerardus Mercator in 1569 to display accurate compass bearings for sea travel. Kavraiskiy I Silhouette Map Tobias Jung Mercator Silhouette Map Tobias Jung. Compromised projections do not preserve any specific dimension, instead In both of these examples, the first image is based on the same projection as that upper left corner map in my first example, called a Mercator projection. An approximation of the AuthaGraph projection. Abs(y), Mathf. Continent To change Mercator to Equirectangular you need to recalculate coordinates of each point of your shapes, but you need to know new dimensions of your map in order to plot them right. c This method is utilised by some popular web mapping and visualisation applications. Description adapted from J. Comparison: Tissot Indicatrix, 30° – scaled to same width Edit: if you are just converting between rectangular projections, try using photoshop transform/warp tools. ffmpeg -y -i in. Comparison: Tissot Indicatrix, 30° – scaled to same width How to convert Mercator projection to Equirectangular? Related Topics Cartography Geography Earth science Social science Physical science Science Natural science comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. Load 7 Mercator; Creator: Carl Braun (1867) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Conformal: Other Names: Braun Perspective Cylindrical — Remarks: Approximates Mercator, but uses a true projection. mp4 y : overwrite output without wanring; i xxx : input file; vf yyy: use filter yyy: filter parameters. article-rich-text figcaption Mercator; Creator: James Gall / Arno Peters (1852 / 1967) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names: Gall Orthographic; Peters projection — Remarks: Original design by James Gall, independently developed again by Arno Peters in 1967 and presented to the public in 1973. this post), is that my map was not cropped properly at the top/bottom/left/right of the image. Abs(z) }); - because a is returned as 0 when x,y,z values are below 1, which makes xa, xy and xz as undefined, due to divided by zero problem, am I missing something ? my c++ line looks like this: a = maximum(abs(x), the one-sixth rule discussed in ESRIs book for albers equal area conic suggests standard parallels for the US of about 22 (26 - (49 - 26)*(1/6)) and 53 (49 + (49 - 26)*(1/6)). That is, an arc of parallel in Mercator projection is not deformed at the equator, and deforms unitl the infinite in the poles (where the "real" arc measures 0). The equirectangular, or plate carrée projection, is the simplest possible geographic projection: the identity function. Polyconic, Sinusoidal, Bonne. So northern/southern objects appear much bigger than they actually are. Specifically, Miller spaced the parallels by using Mercator’s formula with 0. Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended Equirectangular (cylindric) projection, if two standard parallels are symmetrically placed north and south of the equator. Basically, with the Mercator projection, it becomes distorted because each of the latitude lines (which decrease in length the further you are from the equator An Aitoff projection of the world The Aitoff projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation. Using arc just use the project tool. Mercator; Creator: James Gall (1855) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks — Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: BSAM Cylindrical Gall-Bomford Times: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I A tool to transfer Perspective between Equirectangular. For better comparability to Mercator, the image is clipped at about 84° North and South. 0, along with alternative names and also This tile use a "web mercator" projection (alias google map projection), which now has an EPSG code: EPSG:3857 (alias EPSG:900913). I can then I am new in the OpenGL - GLSL and trying to make a shader that taking a mercator projection texture as a source and converting it to an equirectangular projection texture. Along Parallels. (This projection is also called Spherical Mercator or Web Mercator. BUT. Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection, orthographic projection is a perspective projection in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or Under Current XY, the current coordinate system for this map is listed as WGS 1984 Web Mercator (auxiliary sphere). Except where otherwise noted, images on this site are by Tobias Jung and are licensed under CC BY-SA 4. Continent Mercator; Creator: Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī (1000 approx. But failed. I first tried. Description. As a conformal projection, all local shapes are accurate and correctly defined at infinitesimal scale. The importance of this map is that it is conformal. Paul Goode (1923) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Pseudocylindric: Cylindric: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks: Actual Type: Pseudocylindric. The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection presented Web Mercator, the default; Lambert conformal conic; Compromise projections: A balance of size and shape distortion. The actual reprojection is not difficult, but I want to save images (preferably . but I've found calculations over small areas appear to improve more from picking parameters close to the site than from picking a better projection (e. Source for input. Frankly, for Hawaii, it’s Examples include Mercator, Lambert Conformal Conic. Projector is an interactive tool for exploring map projections. 06º North and South latitude. But here's how each came to prominence and, in most cases, misuse. (This is not the same as an actual plate carée Map of Europe using globe vs equirectangular projection. The various cylindrical projections can be described in Mercator; Creator: Unknown (1850 approx. Follow the Mercator up to 50 degrees of latitude; between 50 degrees and 65 degrees, use the Miller Cylindrical projection, stretched slightly so that 50 degrees would be its standard parallel, and then from 65 degrees to the poles, use a matching equirectangular projection. The spheroid parameters for the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 1984 or WGS84) are: ˘ ˘ The flattening ranges from zero to one. While both projections have their own characteristics and uses, they have some key differences. Snyder and P. To use the addon, have a spherical mesh in edit mode. To build Transform, follow these steps: Checkout the source for ffmpeg. Won't be as accurate as GIS based approaches but should get you close enough. [2] The map is made by equally dividing a spherical surface into 96 triangles, transferring it to a tetrahedron while maintaining area proportions, and unfolding it in the form of a rectangle: it is a polyhedral map @Bartosz - I've converted this code into c++ openCV, I'm having issue at this line a = Mathf. They could Central Cylindrical Mercator . Winkel tripel - Natural Earth; Equirectangular; Learn more about the uses of each in the Mapbox GL JS projection guide. CPU: AMD FX-8350 8 core processor 4GHz / GPU: GeForce GT 730 @ 1920x1080, 60Hz with 1GB adapter RAM / RAM: Patriot Signature 4GB 1600MHz 240-Pin DDR3 (only 2GB work, don't buy it) / Motherboard: MSI 970 Gaming MS-7693 Ronald Miller Equirectangular: The projection was designed to be a compromise between Mercator and other cylindrical projections. Star 7. Gerardus Mercator in the late 16th century, and Nicolas de l'Isle in 1745. See mathworld's page for details Miller projection. Also known as Plate rectangle, a variant of Plate Carrée. Mercator Projection. What is a cylindrical projection Mercator; Creator: Johann Heinrich Lambert (1772) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks — Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons — Baker Equirectangular (28°) Creator: Tom Patterson, Bojan Savric, Bernhard Jenny (2014) Marinus of Tyre (about AD 100) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Equidistant: Other Names — — Remarks: The Patterson cylindrical balances polar exaggeration against maintaining the familiar shape of continents. 1. Miller projection with 1,000 km indicatrices of distortion. 1: Transverse mercator is limited to a maximum horizontal angle of 180 degrees, though in practice images over 150 degrees are not very usable. The Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular, equal-area map projection. The Mercator, however, makes the North look much larger. Set in by default in Map's crs option. png is Wikipedia (unmodified, Author: Justin Kunimune, License: CC BY-SA 4. In this projection, the polar regions are less distorted in scale and area than they are in the Mercator projection. Every map is a compromise favoring one or more projection properties: area, form (or angle), distance, and direction. So, I have Red, and I need to transform it into Green. Python implementation of convertion between equirectangular, cubemap and perspective. S. Mercator Patterson Cylindrical; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Tom Patterson, Bojan Savric, Bernhard Jenny (2014) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South: The Patterson cylindrical balances polar exaggeration against maintaining the familiar shape of continents. The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. PROJECTOR — software developed by NASA and the Goddard This is in a very common projection with way too many names: Plate Carrée, equirectangular, equidistant cylindrical, simple cylindrical, rectangular, lat-lon, geographic projection, WGS 84, or Mercator Robinson; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Arthur H. Like all equal-area projections, it distorts most shapes. It became the standard map projection for nautical purposes because of its ability to represent lines of Unlike the Mercator projection with its constantly varying scale, the Equirectangular has the scale fixed to be correct for the standard parallel. That reflects the fact the distance between the poles along the sphere is exactly half of the full round trip along the equator. ToolBoxTad • Additional comment actions. Equirectangular. This is because Mercator’s balancing act in flattening the globe involved, in The Mercator projection shows courses of constant bearing as straight lines. Azimuthal (polar aspect), Equidistant, Equirectangular, Simple Conic. Another usage of this projection is to display spatial data stored in a geographic coordinate system, known as the pseudo-plate carrée projection. Beyond this an equirectangular with parallels at uniform intervals equal to the spacing at 70°. It was printed in eighteen separate sheets from copper plates engraved by Mercator himself. You wanted to convert your image to equirectangular. Default is to convert from mercator to equirectangular. com/roelvandepaarWith thanks & prais Transform is a video filter that transforms 360 video in equirectangular projection into a cubemap projection. Mercator This projection is similar to Cylindrical, but with less 'stretching' at the top and bottom at higher vertical field of views. The images of the Mercator and Equirectangular projections are public domain images EPSG:3857 is a Spherical Mercator projection coordinate system popularized by web services such as Google and later OpenStreetMap. Fig. It is neither equal-area nor conformal, but is sometimes used for raster data. x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = ln[tan(1/4pi+1/2phi)] (2) = Transverse Mercator Calculating the distance between two points on these maps could be performed more easily in the field (using the Pythagorean theorem) than was possible using the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and longitude. If you travelled along this path, you will find that the course’s compass bearing varies continuously. – zeroin Commented Dec 19, 2015 at 16:54 Mercator Robinson; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Arthur H. [4] Each sheet measures 33×40 cm and, with a border of 2 cm, the complete map measures 202×124 cm. 1. Mercator; Creator: Bojan Savric, Tom Patterson, Bernhard Jenny (2018) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Pseudocylindric: Cylindric: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks: An equal-area projection that was designed to resemble the overall shape of the graticule of the popular (non-equal-area) Robinson projection. Basically, a GCS is used to define your real world points on a 3 dimensional You can choose between the following map projections: Orthographic (globe) – a map projection that looks like a globe; Mercator – a very common cylindrical map projection used in many web maps which expands sizes of land near the top and bottom edges; Mollweide – a pseudocylindrical projection that maintains equal area of land masses The following presents the equations one needs in order to map such a Web Mercator projection to the equirectangular projection, for example, so that it can be used as a texture on a standard UV texture mapped sphere. I am trying to visualize the map distortion that occurs when reprojecting from Mercator to equirectangular coordinate systems. com/roelvandepaarWith thanks & prais The other significant difference to the Mercator is that only the line of longitude in the centre of the map is straight (Central Meridian), all others are curved, Projection information: Equirectangular; centred on 140° East and the Standard Parallel is the Equator. If you’ve every looked at a equirectangular projected 360 photo in a “flat” view you will have clearly seen how distorted it is at the top and bottom of the image, but less around the center. The flattening, f, is: The flattening is a small value, so usually the quantity 1/f is used instead. Based on the equatorial form of the azimuthal equidistant projection, Aitoff first halves longitudes, then projects according to the azimuthal equidistant, and then stretches the result horizontally Mercator Patterson Cylindrical . . For printing and viewing, almost all panorama stitching software provides as projection types for the stitching result 'cylindrical' and 'equirectangular' (or 'spherical'). Kavraiskiy I Mercator . Enter the Mercator Projection, a cartographic tool that has shaped our understanding of geography for centuries. (This is not the same as an actual plate carée Equirectangular projection - conserves distances along meridians, plate carrée projection uses the equator as the standard parallel. The definition given by ESRI states that a GCS uses a three-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the earth. 4. Seemingly the proportions are 2:1, so it is equirectangular already if the corresponding sphere is this: This question is related to a much larger tile-based earth question which I still haven't solved (at the time of writing, has since been resolved). It is a cylindrical equal-area projection with latitudes 45° north and south as the regions on the map that have no distortion. The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection or la carte parallélogrammatique projection), and which includes the special case of the plate carrée projection (also called the geographic projection, lat/lon projection, or plane chart), is a simple map projection attributed to Marinus of See more The projection in the image is "Square", which I assume is the same as Equirectangular? One of the most famous map projections is the Mercator, created by a Flemish cartographer and geographer, Geradus Mercator in 1569. This projection is recommended for areas lying between 84°N to 80°S. Comparison: Tissot Indicatrix, 30° – scaled to same width The map projection having transformation equations x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi_1 (1) y = phi, (2) and the inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = lambda_0+xsecphi_1, (4) The following table gives special cases of 360-degree videos have drawn increasing attention from both industry and research communities with the popularity of virtual reality applications. When the VFOV (vertical field of view) of the result image is Eckert V Mercator; Creator: Max Eckert-Greifendorff (1906) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Pseudocylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks — Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: Hölzel Putnins P′5 Wagner III: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I Intermediate Views based on Spherical View Synthesis model, synthesized from a left view. Compound. This means that a 1,000 meter distance measured anywhere within a UTM zone Equirectangular projection is a standard format for VR and 360 cameras. 2. The formula for the y axis, is the formula which gives Mercator Identical with Mercator projection from the equator up to 45° North/South. Unavoidably, all cylindrical projections have the same east-west stretching away from the equator by a factor Equirectangular Projection: Every rectangle on the map is equal-sized, though it lacks practicality. Thanks! Equirectangular Projection. Select two projections: Projection No. This simple cylindrical projection converts the globe into a Cartesian grid. You've got a good grasp of it. Therefore, shapes are also preserved. THETA converts the original data taken by two fisheye lenses into a spherical image (in equirectangular format). The equirectangulars are only for VR projection, so I only orientate those for easy editing (shadow removal, start/finish overlap etc. Kavraiskiy (1933) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: . Central Cylindrical Silhouette Map Tobias Jung Mercator Silhouette Map Tobias Jung. Projector 3 — Map Projection Explorer User's Guide: List of Map Projections. The difference between the two maps (Mathematica post vs. Shape, area and scale distortion increases moderately away The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection, geographic projection, or la carte parallélogrammatique projection, and which includes the special case of the plate carrée projection or geographic projection) is a simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about AD 100. 08569731 0 The Transverse Mercator projection illustrated above (Figure 2. The projection was invented by Marinus of Tyre around A. Mercator; Creator: Vladimir V. The Solution. However, this projection does not preserve Maybe someone knows the maths to scale in equirectangular or radial coordinate systems ? Maybe I am just complicating things and there is something to do with world coords. It preserves all angles between pairs of intersecting paths [6]. The disadvantage of the Mercator projection is the inaccuracy of the sizes of the countries near to the poles. Standard conic formulas must be rewritten for the second and third The following presents the equations one needs in order to map such a Web Mercator projection to the equirectangular projection, for example, so that it can be used as a texture on a I'm trying to transform this shaded map of Venus, a 2000x1000 TIFF in what I believe is equirectangular projection, without GIS metadata, to Mercator. But i stuck to understand it. The following equations place the x-axis of the projection on the equator and the y-axis at longitude lambda_0, where lambda is the longitude and phi is the latitude. This The shortest line on a sphere between two points is on a great circle. Install the addon. Comparing the output of this script with the image of a equirectangular projection on Wikipedia, the output looks good enough for my use case. PROJECTOR — software developed by NASA and the Goddard Mercator; Creator: Johann Heinrich Lambert (1772) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Conic: Cylindric: Property: Conformal: Conformal: Other Names: LCC projection — Remarks: Standard parallels set to 20° and 30° North – just because I thought that this results in a somewhat appealing world map image The image is showing a section of the The Mercator projection shows courses of constant bearing as straight lines. From Mesh > UV unwrap menu choose Mercator Project. 0. Equirectangular is convenient because longitude and latitude map to X and Y respectively, and the map is nice and square so it will easily fit on the front page of a book, Tolkien-style. Now, imagine that same scene captured on a map – a representation of our world that allows us to explore its wonders from the comfort of our homes. It became The SPi-V for Flickr viewer uses the spherical projection that is required for equirectangular images, though it would use cubic projection if you uploaded a cubic image to Flickr. That is to say, it is similar to the picture of a flattened three-dimensional globe or a map in Mercator projection. You’ll see why when you look at how an equirectangular projection is formed The reason is that, even though there is a very simple mapping between equirectangular projection and cubic projection, the mapping between the areas is not simple: when you establish a correspondence between a specific point of your destination image and a point in the source with an elementary computation, as soon as you convert both points Mercator-, Robinson-, or Butterfly projection, choose the one you like! Wagner-, Winkel-, Waterman projection, choose the one that suits you This site uses cookies to improve the results of our bakery. c to the libavfilter subdirectory in ffmpeg source GIS: Transform equirectangular simple TIFF to Mercator projection with gdal_translate / gdalwarpHelpful? Please support me on Patreon: https://www. 51326044311185 0 10018754. It is available from the GitHub. 1713946 0 45 40. Projection Selection. Compromise between Mercator and other cylindrical projections. The problem is that a given photo Red cannot be placed into the equirectangular projection without a transformation. Equidistant conic projection - useful for East-West elongated countries. Projector might help, but found out it does not import Convert images to equirectangular and mercator projections. Projection Wizard is a web application that helps cartographers select an appropriate projection for their map. js Identical with Mercator projection from the equator up to 45° North/South. You can convert longitude/latitude values to world coordinates and calculate pixel coordinates for different zoom levels. Mercator's 1569 map was a large planisphere, [3] i. Cut off at 84 The following presents the equations one needs in order to map such a Web Mercator projection to the equirectangular projection, for example, so that it can be used as a texture on a standard UV texture mapped sphere. Updated Dec 8, 2018; HTML; juniorxsound / THREE. Snyder’s selection guideline and on the extension Try using Equirectangular Projection to convert 2D coordinates to 3D coordinates. Orthographic projection in cartography has been used since antiquity. 2. Direct Polar, known as Spherical or Equirectangular Projection EPSG:3857 (Pseudo-Mercator) The projected Pseudo-Mercator coordinate system takes the WGS84 coordinate system and projects it onto a square. Just overlay a Mercator grid and an equirectangular grid as separate layers and stretch one to match the other. js object that converts equirectangular (or spherical) projection to mercator projection - MercatorPlane. Its main purpose is to convert equirectangular projection textures to cube map textures. Figure 4. python converter glsl projection mercator moderngl equirectangular. 4. # d3. 1 identifier for the UTM zone. AuthaGraph is an approximately equal-area world map projection invented by Japanese architect Hajime Narukawa [1] in 1999. EPSG 4326 (i. | I have a global map with an equirectangular projection. I need at least 48 Mercator; Creator: James Gall / Arno Peters (1852 / 1967) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Equal-area: Conformal: Other Names: Gall Orthographic; Peters projection — Remarks: Original design by James Gall, independently developed again by Arno Peters in 1967 and presented to the public in 1973. SixDOF. Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons — Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I Mercator Projection Addon. Mapbox tools accept coordinate inputs as follows: How can I convert mercator map into equirectangular one? I'm having a hard time to google out the way that I change my mercator map into equirectangular map I was told before that NASA G. Most Esri basemaps are tiled in Web Mercator, so they can have the greatest compatibility. Produced Using G. Because longitude lines are physically closer together as you move closer to the poles, countries are distorted in width the further you move from the equator. Do you need to navigate a ship across the Atlantic? Use Equirectangular (cylindric) projection, if two standard parallels are symmetrically placed north and south of the equator. UTM Zone Number-- 4. An equirectangular projection is a cylindrical equidistant projection, also called a rectangular projection, plane chart, plate carre, or unprojected map, in which the horizontal coordinate is the longitude and the vertical coordinate Mercator Winkel Tripel; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Oswald Winkel (1921) Group: Cylindric: Lenticular: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — Winkel Tripel φ 0 = 50°28´ NGS Winkel; Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and What is the difference between cylindrical and equirectangular projection? The cylindrical projection and the equirectangular projection are two types of map projections that are commonly used for representing the Earth’s surface on a map. Blue shows the difference in transformation, but this depends on the horizontal/vertical angle. geospatial gps-library mercator-projection map-projections equirectangular-projection Add a description, image, and links to the equirectangular-projection topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. Second one shows a Mercator projection, which is where you depict the surface detail of a sphere onto a rectangle. Therefore, Peters argued, the Mercator projection shows a euro-centric bias and harms the world's perception of developing countries The big beef against Mercator is that it makes Greenlanders feel too good about themselves. Unfortunately, geographers and cartographers agree that neither map projection is appropriate—the Mercator vs. A Mercator projection is similar in appearance to a cylindrical projection but has a different distortion in the spacing of the lines of longitude. In UTM, the earth surface is divided in 60 zones, each 6° wide in the longitudal direction resulting in rectangular graticule mesh (Fig. geospatial gps-library mercator-projection map-projections equirectangular-projection Updated Oct 28, 2024; C $ d $ is the distance between the two points (what we are calculating) and $ r $ is the radius of the planet. Plate Carrée (equirectangular) Classification: equidistant, cylindrical. The Aitoff projection is a modified azimuthal map projection proposed by David A. Unavoidably, all cylindrical projections have the same east-west stretching away from the equator by a factor equal to the secant of the latitude, compared with the scale at the equator. Robinson (1963) Group: Cylindric: Pseudocylindric: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South: Not based upon mathematical formulas but tabular coordinates providing positions of the meridians and parallels in order to produce a Well, you have depth perception and the ability to rotate it. Comparison: Tissot Indicatrix, 30° – scaled to fit Mercator's projection - conformal cylindrical - met a real need, and is still in use today when a simple, straight course is needed for navigation. The results are shown in Table So there are two pieces to what someone might call a Coordinate System. Type: compound Short Name: utm . — Remarks: Identical to Mercator between 70° North and South and therefore conformal in this area. Ie. M. Click on projection’s name to hide it Grey areas: Superimposition of projections . What am I doing wrong? 4 Shader that transforms a mercator projection to equirectangular? 1 No cubemap ("material. Ronald Miller Equirectangular. 3. Mercator Equal Earth; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Bojan Savric, Tom Patterson, Bernhard Jenny (2018) Group: Cylindric: Pseudocylindric: Property: Conformal: Equal-area: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South Equirectangular projection generated by a sphere that is unfolded into a cylinder. Navigational maps are usually Mercator, true direction, and/or equidistant. It makes areas near to the Earth’s polar regions (Greenland, Alaska and Antarctica, for example) look much larger than they are relative to areas nearer to the equator. Read more Default is to convert from mercator to equirectangular. planettool is a tool for working with textures for planets. The Projection Wizard is based on John P. PNG files) of the transformation process to visualize the distortion that is occurring during the transformation. This is a good compromise between cylindrical and equirectangular projection and suitable for 360 degree panoramas with a higher G. This is done in THETA itself or on the Close-up look at the difference between Mercator (black) and Web Mercator (green). Cut off at 84° North and South: recommended comparisons: Mercator: Baker Dinomic Braun Perspective Central Cylindrical Kavraiskiy I: This pairing is among the list of recommended pairings – but why? Baker Dinomic is identical to Mercator between 45° North and 45 The equidistant cylindrical projection is also known as equirectangular, simple cylindrical, rectangular, or when the standard parallel is the equator, plate carrée map projection. c to the libavfilter subdirectory in ffmpeg source But on the map the parallels are all the same length. Objects are heavily distorted in terms of the area towards the poles. The most commonly used Mercator; Creator: Johann Heinrich Lambert (1772) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Conic: Cylindric: Property: Conformal: Conformal: Other Names: LCC projection — Remarks: Standard parallels set to 20° and 30° North – just because I thought that this results in a somewhat appealing world map image The image is showing a section of the The Equirectangular projection is a simple cylindrical projection that converts the globe into a Cartesian grid. For hardware accelerated viewing, cubic panoramas are more efficient to display than spherical, because (simple) hardware acceleration does not deal well with curved Where Mercator breaks down is in representing size. The other significant difference to the Mercator is that only the line of longitude in the centre of the map is straight (Central Meridian), all others are curved, Projection information: Equirectangular; centred on 140° East and the Standard Parallel is the Equator. I assume that everyone understands the difference between the Mercator and Peters projection. The Mercator projection is a map projection that was widely used for navigation since loxodromes are straight lines (although great circles are curved). Any suggestion would be very helpful. This is a Java implementation of the Google Maps projection which is based on the mercator projection. GIS: Gdal: How to reproject from equirectangular to mercator?Helpful? Please support me on Patreon: https://www. Projection method. GL JS supports the Albers, Lambert Conformal Conic, Equal Earth, Natural Earth, Winkel Tripel, Equirectangular, and Mercator projections. For example the size of Greenland is completely overemphasized as you can see in Fig. Like the cylindrical projection north and south are always vertical and east and west are always horizontal. 08569731 0 In this learning resource the generation of an equirectangular projection is the objective. This shows less pronounced distortion than either cylindrical or Equirectangular Projection which otherwise look very similar. For the unit sphere, all parallels measure 2π in the map (the same length as the equator). Microsoft Streets ’98 zoomed to the the Mercator Map. This type of mapping was very useful for navigators in 16thcentury. I was also thinking to project equirectangular to gnomonic, scale, then re-project to equirectangular but I am pretty sure this is overkill and too approximate. The figure below illustrates the problem. Due to its severe inflation near the poles, it is practically unused in cartography. Updated Dec 8, 2024; Python; d3-node / d3node-map-world. Because conformal projections show angles correctly, they are suitable for sea, air, and meteorological charts. mp4 -vf v360=dfisheye:e:yaw=-90 -c:v libx265 -b:v 40000k -bufsize 5000k -preset ultrafast -c:a copy out. The trouble with using this view for a large region (like all of Europe) is that it's only going to be close to accurate near the middle of the "view," i. simple cylindrical - sometimes called “equirectangular” ( that would really be a Mercator projection ) Rangiz (RairAfair) August 22, 2015, 1:11am 6 Central Cylindrical Mercator . Some examples are Eckert IV, Mercator image projections are most closely related to the cylindrical and equirectangular projection types; mercator represents a compromise between these two types, providing for Mercator Projection is a conformal projection. Set the minimum and maximum latitudes of your mercator map, in the example The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection presented by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. equirectangular() The equirectangular, or plate carrée projection, is the simplest possible geographic projection: the identity function. It became the standard map projection for nautical purposes because of its Mercator Patterson Cylindrical; Creator: Gerardus Mercator (1569) Tom Patterson, Bojan Savric, Bernhard Jenny (2014) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Conformal: Compromise: Other Names — — Remarks: Cut off at 84° North and South: The Patterson cylindrical balances polar exaggeration against maintaining the familiar shape of continents. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo To associate your repository with The radius is used as a conversion factor between angular and linear units. ). Projector as of version 3. It comes in two forms: a cross-platform command line tool, and a graphical application for Mac OS X only. Since the Mercator projection generates a much larger area for the regions of high latitude, causing an even more serious distortion and oversampling problem, We feed equirectangular frames to all the compared methods. The simplest of all projections plots latitudes and longitudes as if the world were a grid of evenly spaced lines. 08569731 5009377. Cut off at 84 I'm trying to convert a lat/long point into a 2d point so that I can display it on an image of the world-which is a mercator projection. Equirectangular (28°) Creator: Tom Patterson, Bojan Savric, Bernhard Jenny (2014) Marinus of Tyre (about AD 100) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Equidistant: Other Names — — Remarks: The Patterson cylindrical balances polar exaggeration against maintaining the familiar shape of continents. A grid of parallels and meridians forms equal rectangles from east to west and from pole to pole. I was able to figure out how to solve this sub-question by using math from a potentially helpful answer I mentioned earlier in the OP. Given a great circle connecting two points on a sphere, what is the function describing it's equirectangular projection? In other words, given two longitudes and latitudes $(\phi_1, \theta_1)$ and $(\phi_2, \theta_2)$, what is the function $\theta(\phi)$ that describes a great circle passing between those points? The rectangle has proportions W/H=2:1. The latitude is scaled by a factor of 4 ⁄ 5, projected according to Mercator, and then the result is multiplied by 5 ⁄ 4 to retain scale along the equator. Converting X and Y coordinates from Mercator world map (square) image to Latitude and Longitude. The Cassini projection (also sometimes known as the Cassini–Soldner projection or Soldner projection [1]) is a map projection first described in an approximate form by César-François Cassini de Equal Earth Tissot Indicatrix c Tobias Jung Equirectangular (0°) Tissot Indicatrix c Tobias Jung Go to top Except where otherwise noted, images on this site are by Tobias Jung and are licensed under CC BY-SA 4. a projection of the spherical Earth onto the plane. Also known as simple cylindrical, equidistant cylindrical, rectangular, or Plate Carrée (if the standard parallel is the equator). envMap") reflection on polygon faces with orthographic cam . Mercator projection. 100. See mathworld's In this projection, the polar regions are less distorted in scale and area than they are in the Mercator projection. The equidistant cylindrical projection is also known as equirectangular, simple cylindrical, rectangular, or when the standard parallel is the equator, plate carrée map projection. Star Albers Lambert conformal conic; Creator: Heinrich C. Used for raster maps which store information of the whole world: each pixel represents a rectangular block of latitude-longitude coordinates. [1] At full vertical compression the result equals Equirectangular projection. Updated May 21, 2020; threejs mapboxgl earth mapbox d3js projection-mapping 3d mercator equirectangular. D. ) Gerardus Mercator (1569) Group: Cylindric: Cylindric: Property: Compromise: Conformal: Other Names — — Remarks: Perspective cylindrical map projection, truncated at 75° North/South. Converting x,y on mercator to WGS84 latitude and longitude. In the latest ffmpeg, you can do this to convert fisheye video to equirectangular now. (equirect2cube, cube2equirect, equirect2perspec) Convert equirectangular and mercator image projections. A rhumb line is longer, but the bearing is constant along the course’s entirety. Equal-area: preserving area measure, mostly distorting shapes in order to do that. 8. This technique enables the development of captivating educational experiences, allowing learners to explore and interact with virtual worlds. g. Note, that although this is a cylindrical projection of the Earth map, it Compare the map projections and . WGS 84) is not a projection. The Gall–Peters projection of the world map. The first is a Geographic Coordinate System or GCS, which is what WGS84 falls under. Abs(x), Mathf. Sample input: (1024x1024) Desired output (1024x512) I found this question, that have a similar problem in unity3d. The equations are given below where (u,v) are the usual texture coordinates each ranging from 0 to 1. It takes an input map image, typically in Equirectangular form (also called Cylindrical Equidistant), and transforms it to one of over 200 other projections. Used # d3. For hardware accelerated viewing, cubic panoramas are more efficient to display than spherical, because (simple) hardware acceleration does not deal well with curved I often 'recompose' the equirectangular stitch before remapping it to Mercator. overview map is an equirectangular projection (Figure 6). the more simple azimuth equidistant Transform is a video filter that transforms 360 video in equirectangular projection into a cubemap projection. The big beef against Mercator is that it makes Greenlanders feel too good about themselves. The Mercator projection is horrible and evil distorts the poles horribly and makes Greenland look fat: It cannot show the poles, and faces severe distortion issues which make Equirectangular projection look tame. 16). Map scale factor when converting from Mercator to Equirectangular. Cut off at 84° North and South: Gauss-Schreiber Transverse Mercator (aka Gauss-Laborde Reunion) Transverse Central Cylindrical; Transverse Cylindrical Equal Area; Times; because of the particularly simple relationship between the position of an image pixel on the map and its corresponding geographic location on Earth. Copy vf_transform. A Miller projection of the Earth. it's no more correct than any other projection. I have a few questions for yall. The most commonly used ARC_System_Zone_Identifier + [Equirectangular | Azimuthal_Equidistant] Local_Planar = a grid system based on the transverse mercator projection, applied between latitudes 84 degrees north and 80 degrees south on the Earth's surface. python panorama perspective equirectangular-panorama perspective-transformation equirectangular perspective-projection. What I have tried is : for each (x1,y1) pixel coordinates of a new canvas representing the equirectangular projection of the map, I compute the corresponding lat long coordinates and from that I compute the corresponding (x2,y2) coordinates on the mercator projection. It is one of the simplest cylindrical projections and therefore GIS: Gdal: How to reproject from equirectangular to mercator?Helpful? Please support me on Patreon: https://www. Also, I migrated back to an Equirectangualar data and an easy to get Equirectangular frame, both strectch vertically by k (D3js: How to stretch object vertically? cided to make Web Mercator the same as Mercator except with an R (radius) that is equal to a, the semi-major axis of the ellipsoid of revolution, as opposed to a nominal R I often 'recompose' the equirectangular stitch before remapping it to Mercator. aauo fon rfjagogo sywpagx qjrheha erscl utgqr isin bjpu hwzthf